From Language Models to World-Acting Systems: Progress and Limits of Agentic AI across Digital, Social, Virtual, and Physical Environments

This research paper examines the progression of language models toward autonomous AI agents capable of operating across digital, social, virtual, and physical environments, analyzing both demonstrated capabilities and fundamental limitations. The work provides a framework for understanding agentic AI development trajectories and identifies key constraints in real-world deployment, relevant to enterprise leaders evaluating AI agent architectures for regulated industries.

This research paper examines the progression of language models toward autonomous AI agents capable of operating across digital, social, virtual, and physical environments, analyzing both demonstrated capabilities and fundamental limitations. The work provides a framework for understanding agentic AI development trajectories and identifies key constraints in real-world deployment, relevant to enterprise leaders evaluating AI agent architectures for regulated industries.

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